I maintain both a resume and a CV. My resume is a very terse, compiled version documenting primarily my education and work experience. My CV is a much longer document detailing all recent publications, presentations, and special achievements. (all this is the US)

I use my resume for professional and business situations. I reserve my CV for collegiate, academic, and governmental situations.

Many of my friends and associates also use the two in similar fashion. I suppose we ride the fence of the two groups.