On December 15, Eisenhower was promoted to the U.S. Army's highest rank, general of the army. The next day Germany began its last offensive, in the Ardennes region of Belgium. The attack caught the Allies by surprise. Badly outnumbered U.S. troops were forced to retreat. The Allied air force, which had won control of the skies, was grounded by bad weather and could not help. The Allies were close to panic. The deep German penetration created a bulge in the Allied lines, giving the battle its name.
When Eisenhower called a conference of his senior generals on December 19, they showed up glum and discouraged. He took one look at them and gave an order: "The present situation is to be regarded as one of opportunity for us and not of disaster. There will be only cheerful faces at this conference table." He said that the Germans had come out from behind their fortifications and exposed themselves; now was the time to start a counterattack and catch them in the open. He identified Bastogne, a crossroads in the Ardennes, as the key point to hold and ordered the United States 101st Airborne Division to that town. The Germans surrounded it on all sides with superior forces, but the Americans resisted stubbornly. When the Germans delivered an ultimatum to surrender, Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe, in command of the town, sent back the famous one-word reply, "Nuts!"



"Eisenhower, Dwight David," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 98 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.