Don't forget the architectural meaning, wherein the temporary cloth canopy is replaced with permanent materials, most famously, Gianlorenzo Bernini's glorious Baldacchino in St. Peters, Rome.

Interestingly, in the source you cite from Der Spiegel, describing a Jewish wedding, the Hebrew term for the marriage canopy, the Chuppah, has been translated as baldachin, a rendering I've never seen before.