You can start here for English words of Hebrew origin. It's rather incomplete. They don't have shofar, mezzuzah, or teffilin. Shittim is a funny one, too. A word of Semitic origin is wine probably borrowed into one or more Indo-European languages, thought the etymology is not without controversy.

With Greek words, there are simply too many to list. A favorite of mine is tmesis. As for the final question, do you mean what languages provide vocabulary to German besides Old and Middle High German? There are lots of French words (e.g., a bunch of verbs that end in -ieren a sort of redundant infinitival ending, e.g., probieren 'to test, assay'), some Italian (e.g., Brutto 'gross; before taxes', Netto 'net; after taxes', Razzia 'police raid'), and even some Latin (e.g., schreiben 'to write').

Ceci n'est pas un seing.