Total conjecture on my part.

I'm not sure of the term you want. If you have two eye points located in different places (one on each side of a nose, for example), there will be binocular parallax (slight difference in image) to provide depth perception. This binocular parallax might cause the optical illusion you refer to (among others), but I suspect it's not the term for the illusion.

It's probably the same effect that makes an autostereogram work.

When I say "cause" in these cases, I'm talking about proximate cause. The actual illusion in each case is caused by some processing on the disparate images in the brain.

k