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All of the ceramics made in the West for thousands of years were made from clays tht contained ferric and other minerals that colored the final product. It was a long time before Europeans were able to learn the secret and find kaolin to copy the Chinese porcelain. "Porcelain
Porcelain is a hard, translucent ceramic which originated in China in the 7th or 8th century A.D.. True porcelain is a hard paste which involves the use of white china clay (kaolin). Porcelain was highly desirable on the Continent, so much so that countries were desperate to discover the secret of its production. The consequent rivalry in Europe resulted in rulers pouring money into speculative ventures. Grand Duke Francesco I founded the Medici factory in Italy in the late 16th century - the first European factory to produce soft-paste porcelain of which examples are known today. Soft-paste porcelain was an imitation of hard paste in which a variety of ingredients were used to replace that unknown quantity, kaolin. Although Böttger discovered the secret of true porcelain in 1708 (which he went on to produce at the famous Meissen factory), France was not to discover high enough quality deposits of kaolin until well into the 18th century. Thus, whilst the secret of hard paste diffused to centres such as Vienna and Doccia (just outside Florence), French factories such as St. Cloud and, later, Sèvres, produced the most exquisite soft-paste porcelain. Sèvres did go on to locate suitable kaolin, producing hard-paste porcelain, in tandem with soft paste, between 1768 and 1800." "
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supinate vt., vi. 3nat#ed, 3nat#ing 5< L supinatus, pp. of supinare, to lay backward < supinus, SUPINE6 to rotate (the hand or forearm) so that the palm faces upward or forward See PRONATE (the opposite) su#pi[na4tion n. The mnemonic is that in the supine position, the hand could hold soup.In the lower extremity, the ankle is displaced medially, in pronation it is rotated laterally.
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kyphosis n. 5ModL Gr kyphbsis kyphos, a hump, hunch IE *keubh3 base *keu3, to bend, arch > HIP1, HUMP6 abnormal curvature of the spine resulting in a hump ky[phot$ic 73f9t4ik8 adj. Dorsal kyphosis is commonly called "hunchback". In the lower spine the lumbar curve may be exaggerated, making buttocks more prominent.
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tachylyte n. 5Ger tachylit < Gr tachys, swift (see TACHY3) + lytos, soluble < lyein, to dissolve: (see LYSIS): from its rapid decomposition in acids6 a kind of basaltic volcanic glass tach#y[lyt$ic 73lit4ik8 adj.
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tafferel n. 5Du tafereel, a panel, picture, for *tafeleel, dim. of tafel, table < L tabula, tablet: see TABLE6 1 [Archaic] the upper, flat part of a ship‘s stern: so called from its carved panels 2 TAFFRAIL
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tamarau n. 5Tagalog6 a small, black, wild buffalo (Bubalus mindorensis), native to Mindoro in the Philippines and now rare Also sp. ta#ma[rao$
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thalassemia n. 5ModL < Gr thalassa, sea + 3EMIA6 an inherited chronic anemia, initially found among Mediterranean peoples, resulting from faulty hemoglobin production
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tilapia n. any of various cichlids (genus Tilapia) introduced to the fresh water of the U.S., from Africa and Israel, to control the growth of algae, etc. Also raised in fish farms for food. I recently had some from the supermarket. Very good.
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Speaking of Tamaru, you must be getting pretty close to tiramisu, the Italian dessert. Where did _that_ come from ? It sounds much more likely to be of Japanese than Italian origin.
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From Internet: "Stories are told about how Tiramisu was the favorite of Venice's courtesans, who needed a "pick me up" (the literal translation of "tirami-su") to fortify themselves between their amorous encounters. True? Probably not. But it makes for a colorful history. Its American popularity arose in San Francisco, and today, Tiramisu can be found in restaurants throughout the nation."
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