Goliard ".. meum est propositum in taberna mori..."
Any of the wandering students and clerics in medieval England, France, and
Germany remembered for their satirical verses and poems in praise of
debauchery and against the church and pope. Renegades of no fixed abode,
chiefly interested in riotous living, they described themselves as followers of the
legendary Bishop Golias. By a series of decrees (from 1227), the church
eventually revoked their clerical privileges. Carmina Burana is a collection of
13th-cent. Latin goliard poems and songs; some were translated by J. A.
Symonds as Wine, Women, and Song (1884), and some were set in a famous
cantata by C. Orff (1937). In the 14th cent. the term came to mean jongleur, or
minstrel.