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#75836 07/12/2002 3:45 PM
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Leyden Jar or Phial. A glass vessel partly coated, inside and out, with lead-foil, and used in electrical
experiments to receive accumulated electricity; invented by Vanleigh, of Leyden.

It was such a jar that Ben Franklin used to capture a charge from his kite string. A special
Providence having preserved him from electrocution.


#75837 07/12/2002 3:49 PM
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Lia-fail (of Ireland). The Fatalé Marmor or Stone of Destiny. On, this stone the ancient Irish kings sat at
their coronation, and according to tradition, wherever that stone might be the people there would be
dominant. It was removed to Scone; and Edward removed it from Scone Abbey to London. It is kept in
Westminster Abbey under who royal throne, on which the English sovereigns sit at their coronation. (See
Coronation Chair, Scone .)

The Stone of Scone has since been returned to Scotland. I still don't know how "Scone" is pronounced
Dear jmh was going to find out for me, but so far has not done so.


#75838 07/12/2002 3:52 PM
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Libel means a little book (Latin, libellus). A lampoon, a satire, or any defamatory writings. Originally it
meant a plaintiff's statement of his case, which usually “defames” the defendant.
The greater the truth, the greater the libel. The dictum of William Murray, Earl of Mansfield
(1704-1793).

Let us all abstain from libel.


#75839 07/12/2002 3:56 PM
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Liberals A political term first employed in 1815, when Lord Byron and his friends set on foot the
periodical called The Liberal, to represent their views in politics, religion, and literature. The word,
however, did not come into general use till about 1831, when the Reform Bill, in Lord Grey's Ministry,
gave it prominence.

“Influenced in a great degree by the philosophy and the politics of the Continent, they [the
Whigs] endeavoured to substitute cosmopolitan for national principles, and they baptised the
new scheme of politics with the plausible name of “Liberalism.”- Disraeli, June 24, 1872.

A liberal is a politician willing to give away your money.


#75840 07/12/2002 3:58 PM
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Liberia An independent republic of western Africa settled by free negroes.

Notice how few chose to take advantage of this opportunity.


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Lictors Binders (Latin, ligo, to bind or tie). These Roman officers were so called because they bound the
hands and feet of criminals before they executed the sentence of the law. (Aulus Gellius.)


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Lie (Anglo-Saxon, lige, a falsehood.)


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Lie (Anglo-Saxon, licgan, to `bide or rest; but lie, to deceive, is the Anglo-Saxon verb leog-an.)


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Liege The word means one bound, a bondsman (Latin, ligo, to bind); hence, vassals were called
liege-men- i.e. men bound to serve their lord. The lord was called the liege-lord, being bound to protect
the vassals.

“Unarmed and bareheaded, on his knees, and with his hands placed between those of his lord,
he [the military tenant] repeated these words:`Hear, my lord, I have become your liegeman of
life and limb, and earthly worship; and faith and truth I will bear to you to live and die.”-
Lingard: History of England, vol. ii. chap. i. p. 27.


#75845 07/12/2002 4:23 PM
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re: Notice how few chose to take advantage of this opportunity

How true it is, you can never go home again.. for people 100 years removed from africa to return, the problems were compounded.

how simple minded to think large numbers would flock to liberia . Africa is a huge continent, yet the western world treats it like nothing.. Europe, 1/4 the size is divided up into many different countries/ethic groups, that are recognized.. (france, italy, germany, etc)

slaves came from places as different as france, italy and germany, so its not surprizing they didn't flock to create a new country in a place as different from where they came from as ireland is from italy!


#75846 07/12/2002 5:22 PM
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Ligan Goods thrown overboard, but tied to a cork or buoy in order to be found again. (Latin ligare, to tie
or bind.)
Flotsam. The débris of a wreck which floats on the surface of the sea, and is often washed ashore.
(Latin flotare, to float.)
Jetson or jetsam. Goods thrown overboard in a storm to lighten the vessel. (Latin jacere, to cast forth,
through the French jeter.


#75847 07/12/2002 5:29 PM
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The fable of Lilis or Lilith was invented to reconcile Gen. i. with Gen. ii. Genesis i. represents the
simultaneous creation of man and woman out of the earth; but Genesis ii. represents that Adam was
alone, and Eve was made out of a rib and was given to Adam as a helpmeet for him.



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Lilli-Burlero or Lilli-Bullero and Bullen-a-lah. Said to have been the words of distinction used by the
Irish Papists in their massacres of the Protestants in 1641. A song with the refrain of “Lilli-burlero,
bullen-a-la!” was written by Lord Wharton, which had a more powerful effect than the philippics of either
Demosthenes or Cicero, and contributed not a little to the great revolution of 1688. Burnet says, “It made
an impression on the [king's] army that cannot be imagined. ... The whole army, and at last the people,
both in city and country, were singing it perpetually ... never had so slight a thing so great an effect.” The
song is in Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, series ii. bk. 3. (See Sterne: Tristram Shandy,
chap. ii.)


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ily of France. The device of Clovis was three black toads, but an aged hermit of Joye-en-valle saw a
miraculous light stream one night into his cell, and an angel appeared to him holding a shield of wonderful
beauty; its colour was azure, and on it were emblazoned three gold lilies that shone like stars, which the
hermit was commanded to give to Queen Clotilde. Scarcely had the angel vanished when Clotilde entered,
and, receiving the celestial shield, gave it to her royal husband, whose arms were everywhere victorious.
(See Les Petits Bollandistes, vol. vi. p. 426.)


#75850 07/12/2002 5:38 PM
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Limbo A waste-basket; a place where things are stowed, too good to destroy but not good enough to use.
In School theology unbaptised infants and good heathens go to Limbo. (Latin, limbus, the edge.) They
cannot go to heaven, because they are not baptised, and they cannot go to the place of torment, because
they have not committed sin at all, or because their good preponderates. (


#75851 07/12/2002 5:40 PM
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Limner A drawer, a painter, an artist. A contraction of illuminator, or rather lumenier (one who
illuminates manuscripts).

“The limner, or illuminer ... throws us back on a time when the illumination of MSS, was a
leading occupation of the painter.”- Trench: On the Study of Words, lecture iv. p. 171.


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Lina The Goddess Flax.

“Inventress of the woof, fair Lina flings
The flying shuttle through the dancing strings.
Darwin: Loves of the Plants, canto ii.


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Linen Goods In 1721 a statute was passed imposing a penalty of 5 upon the wearer, and 20 upon the
seller of, a piece of calico. Fifteen years later this statute was so far modified that calicoes manufactured
in Great Britain were allowed, “provided the warp thereof was entirely of linen yarn.” In 1774 a statute
was passed allowing printed cotton goods to be used on the payment of threepence a yard duty; in 1806
the duty was raised to threepence halfpenny. This was done to prevent the use of calicoes from
interfering with the demand for linen and woollen stuffs. The law for burying in woollen was of a similar
character. The following extracts from a London news-letter, dated August 2nd, 1768, are curious. [Note
- chintz is simply printed calico. ]

“Yesterday three tradesmen's wives of this city were convicted before the Rt. Hon. the Lord
Mayor for wearing chintz gowns on Sunday last, and each of them was fined 5. These make
eighty who have been convicted of the above offence within twelve months past ... There
were several ladies in St. James's Park on the same day with chintz gowns on, but the persons
who gave informas of the above three were not able to discover their names or places of
abode. ... Yesterday a waggon loaded with 2,000 worth of chintz was seized at Dartford in
Kent by some custom-house officers. Two post-chaises loaded with the same commodity got
off with their goods by swiftness of driving.”


#75854 07/12/2002 10:16 PM
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like an arrant sleepy-head,
Had stayed at home behind me and was fast asleep in bed


Bill, I only just read this properly - and sleepily realise that I really like it. Is all Stevenson's stuff similar? And any recommended collections of his?


#75855 07/12/2002 10:57 PM
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Dear fishonabike: The poem I quoted is I think from "A child's garden of verse" or something
that. You will have to navigate a bit in this URL:

http://www.poetryloverspage.com/poets/stevenson/stevenson_ind.html


#75856 07/12/2002 11:20 PM
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Oh yes, Fishona, I Have a Little Shadow is one of the poems i still know by heart, i learned it age 7 or so for a recertation piece.. (my sibling and i were expected to sing or other wise perform for our suppers on holidays..)

the Childrens Garden of Verses was my very first book of poetry. it came complete with several full color plates (i remember thinking "plates" an odd word to use for the illustrations.)

Edward Lear is wonder full too, i had a set of his complete works.. his botanicals were delightful , not to mentions his poems!

and a hundred million years ago, (or so it seems, but it was just circa 1970) i recieved a Penguin Books series Junior Voices a set of 4 slim volumes of poetry, songs, riddles and art for children.. and i was almost an adult at the time, but i still haven't grown to old for the books, and think fondly of David Sedgely, who gave them to me.
Volume II, has a two page spread illustrating Bernini's Apollo and Daphne, a sculpture that took my breath away, and stole a piece of my heart when i first saw it in the Borghese Gallery.

it such a set is still available, i recommend them.. your children will enjoy them too, when they finally pry them out of your hands!


#75857 07/13/2002 2:37 PM
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Lisbon A corruption of' Ulyssippo (Ulysses' polis or city). Said by some to have been founded by Lusus, who visited Portugal
with Ulysses, whence “Lusitania” (q.v.); and by others to have been founded by Ulysses himself This is Camoens' version. (See
above.)


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Liturgy originally meant public work, such as arranging the dancing and singing on public festivals, the torch-races, the equipping
and manning of ships, etc. In the Church of England it means the religious forms prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer.
(Greek, litourgia.)


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Livered As, white-livered, lily-livered. Cowardly. In the auspices taken by the Greeks and Romans before battle, if the liver of
the animals sacrificed was healthy and blood-red, the omen was favourable; but if pale, it augured defeat.


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Livery What is delivered. The clothes of a man-servant delivered to him by his master. The stables to which your horse is
delivered for keep. During the Merovingian and Carlovingian dynasties, splendid dresses were given to all the members of the
royal household; barons and knights gave uniforms to their retainers, and even a duke's son, serving as a page, was clothed in the
livery of the prince he served. (French, livrer.)


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Lode The vein that leads or guides to ore. A dead lode is one exhausted.
Lode. A ditch that guides or leads water into a river or sewer.

Lodestar The leading-star by which mariners are guided; the pole-star.


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Lombard (A). A banker or moneylender, so called because the first bankers were from Lombardy, and
set up in Lombard Street (London), in the Middle Ages. The business of lending money on pawns was
carried on in England by Italian merchants or bankers as early at least as the reign of Richard I. By the 12
Edward I., a messuage was confirmed to these traders where Lombard Street now stands; but the trade
was first recognised in law by James I. The name Lombard (according to Stow) is a contraction of
Longobards. Among the richest of these Longobard merchants was the celebrated Medici family, from
whose armorial bearings the insignia of three golden balls has been derived. The Lombard bankers
exercised a monopoly in pawnbroking till the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

I; have read that the Lombards in Italy took a lot of timber as security for loans. The word "lumber"
has its origin in this. Also, the Lombards kept such an assortment of things or relatively small
value, that in England an attic storage room used to be called a "lumber room".


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Long Words Agathokakological. (Southey: The Doctor.)
Alcomiroziropoulopilousitounitapignac. The giantess. (Croquemitaine, iii. 2.) Amoronthologosphorus.
(See Hair.) (The Three Hairs.) Anantachaturdasivratakatha. (Sanskrit work.) (See Trübner's Literary
Record.)
Antipericatametanaparbeugedamphi-cribrationes Toordicantium. One of the books in the library of St.
Victor. (Rabelais: Pantagruel, ii. 7.)
Batrachomyomachia (battle of the frogs and mice). A Greek mock heroic.
Cluninstaridysarchides. (Plautus.)
Deanthropomorphisation.
Don Juan Nepomuceno de Burionago-natotorecagageazcoecha. An employe in the finance department
of Madrid (1867).
Drimtaidhvrickhilliohattan, in the Isle of Mull, Argyleshire.
Honorificabilitudinitatibus, called the longest word in the (?) English language. It frequently occurs in old
plays. (See Bailey's Dictionary.) The “quadradimensionality” is almost as long.

“Thou art not so long by the head as honorific-abilitudinitatibus.”- Shakespeare: Love's
Labour's Lost, v. 1.


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Inanthropomorphisability of deity.
Jungefrauenzimmerdurchschwind-suchttoedtungs-gegenverein (German. (See Notes and Queries, vol.
v. p. 124, first series.)
Kagwadawwacomëgishearg. An Indian chief, who died in Wisconsin in 1866.
Lepadotemachoselachogaleokraniolcip-sanodrimupotrimmatosilphioparaomelit-okatakeclummenokichlepikossuphophat-toperisteralektruonoptegkephalokigklop-eleiolagoosiraiobaletraganopterugon.
It is one of the longest words extant (179 English and 169 Greek letters and consisting of 78 syllables).
(Aristophanes: Ekklesiazousai, v. 1169.)
Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrn-drobwllllandyssiliogogogoch. The name of a Welsh village in
Anglesea. In the postal directory the first twenty letters only are given as a sufficient address for practical
purposes, but the full name contains 59 letters. The meaning is, “The church of St. Mary in a hollow of
white hazel, near to the rapid whirlpool, and to St. Tisilio church, near to a red cave.”

“What, Mr. Manhound, was it not enough thus to have
morcrocastebezasteverestegrigeligoscop-apondrillated us all in our upper members with your
botched mittens, but you must also apply such
morderegrippiatabirofreluchamburdureca-quelurintimpaniments on our shin-bones with the
hard tops and extremities of your cobbled shoes.”- Rabelais, illustrated by Gustavc Dore, p.
438.


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Sorry about making screen go wide.

They morramborizeverzengirizequo-quemorgasacbaquevezinemaffretiding my poor eye. (Rabelais:
Pantagruel, iv. 15.)
Nitrophenylenediamine. A dye of an intense red colour.

“Dinitroaniline, chloroxynaphthalic acid, which may be used for colouring wool in intense red;
and nitrophenylenediamine of chromatic brilliancy.”- William Crookes: The Times, October
5th, 1868.

Polyphrasticontinomimegalondulaton.

“Why not wind up the famous ministerial declaration with `Konx Ompax' or the mystic `Om'
or that difficult expression `Polyphrasti-continomimegalondulaton?' ”- The Star.

M. N. Rostocostojambedanesse, author of After Beef, Mustard. (Rabelais: Pantagruel, ii. 7.)
Sankashtachaturthivratodyapana. (Sanskrit work.) (See Trübner's Literary Record. Forster gives one of
152 syllables.
Tetramethyldiamidobenzhydrols.

There are more of them, but perhaps to post them would be overkill.


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Loom means a utensil. (Anglo-Saxon, loma). Thus “heir-loom” means a personal chattel or household
implement which goes by special custom to the heir. The word was in familiar use in Prior's time
(1664-1721), for he says “a thousand maidens ply the purple loom.”

I never thought of "heir-loom" before. But what on earth is a "purple loom"?


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Lucus a non Lucendo An etymological contradiction. The Latin word lucus means
a “dark grove,” but is said to be derived from the verb luce o, to shine. Similarly
our word black (the Anglo-Saxon blaec) is derived from the verb blaec-an, to
bleach or whiten.


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Luff The weather-gauge. The part of a vessel towards the wind. A sailing close to the wind. (Dutch, loef,
a weather-gauge.)
To luff is to turn the head of a ship towards the wind.
Luff!- i.e. Put the tiller on the leeside. This is done to make the ship sail nearer the wind.
Luff round! Throw the ship's head right into the wind.
Luff a-lee! Same as luff round.
A ship is said to spring her luff when she yields to the helm by sailing nearer the wind.
Keep the luff. The wind side.


#75869 07/14/2002 8:30 PM
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Thanks Bill. Beautiful stuff.

I had actually read some of Robert Louis Stevenson's stories before (Treasure Island & Kidnapped), but have never heard him referenced by anything except his full name, so your reference threw me

I'll enjoy exploring his poetry further.


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Lutetia Mud-hovels; the ancient name of Paris. The Romans call it Lutetia Parisiorum,
the mud-town of the Parisii. The former word being dropped, has left the present name Paris.



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my sibling and i were expected to sing or other wise perform for our suppers on holidays..
Brilliant, Helen! Have to start doing that with my kids.

several full color plates
I always loved that term. "Plates" tended to be very high quality illustrations, though, didn't they? On glossy paper, often with a protective sheet of tissue-like paper over the top. In a new book you would actually need to peel that sheet away. I expect original copies of books like that would be worth a fortune now.

Thanks for the references - I'll check out Amazon (recently visited for Just So Stories and Aesop's Fables ) and/or second-hand bookshops..

Found a picture of Apollo & Daphne, not brilliant, but may be helpful for passers-by:
http://www.galleriaborghese.it/borghese/en/edafne.htm

Talking fondly-remembered children's books, anyone out there also get pangs for Hilda Boswell's Treasury Of Poetry ?


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Lydford Law is, punish first and try afterwards. Lydford, in the county of Devon, was a
fortified town, in which was an ancient castle, where were held the courts of the Duchy
of Cornwall. Offenders against the stannary laws were confined before trial in
a dungeon so loathsome and dreary that it gave rise to the proverb referred to. The castle
was destroyed by the Danes

"Stannery" sounds related to Stannum = tin. I wonder wha those laws could have been.

Very interesting URL about tin: http://www.chycor.co.uk/tourism/tolgus/page2.htm


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Lynch-pin (Anglo-Saxon, lynis, an axle) A pin that held wagon wheel on axle. Very important,
so as figure of speech, a politician vital to maintaining party unity may be called the party's
linchpin


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M This letter represents the wavy appearance of water, and is called in Hebrew mem (water).

It is gems like this that make it worth the troulble of going through this long book,
which has so much crap in it.


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i read recently somewhere, that the hebrew alphabet was filled with such mnemonic divices.. aleph, is ? but beta is shaped like a door (and the hebrew word for door starts with a b, and gamel, is associated with camel (the shape, the sound.. ?) i don't know the hebrew alphabet.

just as S is sinuous, and snake like.. and snake starts with the letter S.. i don't remember learning or using mnemonics for the alphabet, (i did, and do for other things) but i have come across the idea more then once.


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