Cantalupo
I know Italian pretty well and have never heard the word cantalupo, but I suppose it's a word somewhere, if only in the dictionary. When I was in Italy, a cantaloupe was generally called melone, as were other melons, since that's the generic word for melon. Occasionally, when there was a need to distinguish between melons, a cantaloupe would be called melone di pane (bread melon) vs. a melone ad aqua (water melon).