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SCROOP
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (skroop)
 
 MEANING:  verb intr.: To make a scraping or grating sound.
 noun: A scraping sound, especially the rustle of a silk fabric.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  Of imitative origin. Earliest documented use: 1787.
 ___________________________
 
 SCHROOP - to drink the last of the soup directly from the edge of the bowl
 
 'S CROUP - I know the kid's sick, but why's his cough sound so funny?
 
 SCROOD - past tense of...oh, never mind
 
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FANFARONADE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (fan-far-uh-NAYD, -NAHD)
 
 MEANING:  noun:
 1. Bragging or blustering behavior.
 2. Fanfare.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From French fanfaronnade, from Spanish fanfarronada (bluster), from fanfarron (braggart), ultimately of imitative origin. Earliest documented use: 1652.
 ______________________________
 
 FANFARONASE - an intracellular enzyme involved in the metabolism of fanfarones
 
 FANTA-RON ADE - a soft drink that you can get in McDonald's
 
 FANFARE ON A D -  short ceremonial flourish played on brass instruments to introduce the fourth letter of the English alphabet
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JAPE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (jayp)
 
 MEANING:  noun: A joke or prank.
 verb intr.: To joke or play a trick.
 verb tr.: To mock or trick.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Old French japer (to yap; Modern French japper), of imitative origin. Earliest documented use: 1362.
 __________________________
 
 JA, PEU - Overheard in a café in Strasbourg, after "Would you like a some more coffee?"
 
 J.A. PEI - the architect's younger brother
 
 JA, pp- response to "Even softer, Herr Beethoven?
 
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WHICKER
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (HWIK-uhr, WIK-)
 
 MEANING:  verb intr.:
 1. To neigh.
 2. To laugh in a half-suppressed manner.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  Of imitative origin. Earliest documented use: 1656.
 ________________________
 
 WHISKER - someone who moves things quickly from one place to another
 
 WHICHER - a stickler for grammar, who [wrongly] searches and removes all "that"s from his writing and replaces them with "which"es
 
 WICKER - the person who puts the cotton string in the middle of candles
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SOMEDEAL
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (SUHM-deel)
 
 MEANING:  adverb: Somewhat; to some degree.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Old English sum (some) + dael (deal). Earliest documented use: 725.
 _____________________________________
 
 COMEDEAL - 1. the casino is hiring; 2. pertaining to humor
 
 SAME DEAL - nothing has changed
 
 DOMEDEAL - buying an NFL football stadium
 
 SAMEDEAL - pertaining to Saturday in Paris
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ABAFT
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (uh-BAFT)
 
 MEANING:  adverb: Toward the rear or stern.
 preposition: Behind.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Middle English a- (toward) + baft (in the rear). Earliest documented use: 1400.
 ___________________________
 
 ADAFT - a bit off yer rocker
 
 A-BART - the first car undercoating (the last being Z-bart)
 
 JABAFT - a shot in the rear
 
 A.B., OFT - what follows four years of college, frequently
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NATHELESS
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (NAYTH-luhs/lis)
 
 MEANING:  adverb: Nevertheless; notwithstanding.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Old English na (no) + the (this, that) + laes (less). Earliest documented use: 11th c.
 ___________________________
 
 LATHELESS - why the carpenter can't make spindles for his staircase railings
 
 MATH E-LESS - before the concept of natural logarithms was developed
 
 NAT_HELEN_S - the username adopted by Nathan and Helen Szczymonowsky
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ENDLONG
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (END-long)
 
 MEANING:  adverb: From end to end; lengthwise.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Old English andlang (lengthwise). Earliest documented use: 1225.
 __________________________________
 
 BENDLONG - fold along the long axis
 
 'EADLONG - head over heels
 
 ENDLOG - the linchpin of a stockade fence
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SOMEWHITHER:
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (SUM-hwith-uhr)
 
 MEANING:  adverb: To some place; somewhere.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Old English sum (some) + whither (where). Earliest documented use: 1398.
 _______________________________
 
 SAMEWHITHER: - fellow-travellers, having the same destination
 
 SOMEWITHER: - how apples become wrinkled
 
 SOMEWHITER: - the difference between laundry loads after you put in bleach
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CANKER-BLOSSOM
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (KANGK-uhr-blos-uhm)
 
 MEANING:  noun: One who destroys good things.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From canker (to decay, infect, or corrupt), from Old English cancer (crab, tumor) + blossom (the mass of flowers on a plant). Earliest documented use: 1600, in A Midsummer Night’s Dream.
 ____________________________
 
 CAN KERB LOSS ...OM - a Brit meditating on limiting financial woes
 
 TANKER-BLOSSOM - barnacles on the oil transport sip
 
 CANKER-FLOSSOM - dentist's advice on how to prevent aphthous stomatitis (mouth sores)
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CURE-ALL
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (KYOOR-awl)
 
 MEANING:  noun: A remedy to any problem.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Latin cura (care or concern) + eall/all (all). Earliest documented use: 1793.
 ___________________________________
 
 C.U.? REALLY? - expression of disbelief and dismay over the scandal at Consumers' Union
 
 CURSE-ALL - a symptom of Tourette's Syndrome
 
 C.U. REAL - the Centrales Unidas soccer club
 
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WANTWIT
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (WANT-wit)
 
 MEANING:  noun: A fool; one lacking good sense.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From want + wit, from Old Norse vanta (be lacking) + Old English wit (mind). Earliest documented use: 1449.
 ____________________________
 
 WASN'T WIT - distinctly not funny
 
 TAN TWIT - tease about getting so much sun
 
 WANT WRIT - No, you need a court order for that
 
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KNOW-IT-ALL
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (NO-uht-ahl)
 
 MEANING: noun: One who acts as if they know everything, dismissing others’ ideas or advice.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Old English cnawan (to recognize, identify) + hit (it) + eall/all (all). Earliest documented use: 1873
 __________________________
 
 KNOWITAL - a barbiturate that makes you omniscient
 
 KIOWI TALL - slogan of a proud tribe of Native Americans from the central plains
 
 KOWITALL - pertaining to phonetic copulation
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MAKEPEACE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:   (MAYK-pees)
 
 MEANING:   noun: One who reconciles persons at odds with each other; a peacemaker.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:   From make + peace. From Old English macian (to make) + Old French pais, from Latin pax (peace). Earliest documented use: 1513.
 _________________________
 
 MAKEPLACE - provide room for another person
 
 MAKEPEACH - grow Elbertas, Clings, and Freestones
 
 SAKEPEACE - the tranquility that follows drinking rice wine
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QUIDDITATIVE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (KUI-di-tay-tiv)
 
 MEANING:  adjective: Relating to the essential nature of something or someone.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Latin quid (what), which also gave us quidnunc, quid pro quo, and quiddity. Earliest documented use: 1600.
 _____________________________
 
 "QUIDDIT!" ACTIVE - an unmistakable order to stop
 
 SQUIDDITATIVE - behaving like a tentacled marine cephalopod
 
 QUADDITATIVE - transforming into a four-part entity
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MICROCEPHALIC
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (my-kro-suh-FA-lik)
 
 MEANING:  adjective:
 1. Having an abnormally small head.
 2. Small-minded.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Greek micro- (small) + -cephalic (having a head), from kephale (head). Ultimately from the Indo-European root ghebh-el- (head), which also gave us the word gable. Earliest documented use: 1857. The opposite of today’s word is macrocephalic.
 ____________________________
 
 MICRONEPHALIC - with only the tiniest bit of turbidity
 
 OMICROCEPHALIC - having a round head with a hole in the middle, like the Greek letter O
 
 MICRO-CEPHELIC -  a dwarf variable star, whose brightness pulsates with a well-defined stable period
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CHRYSOCRACY
 
 PRONUNCIATION: (kri-SAH-kruh-see)
 
 MEANING:  noun: Rule by the wealthy.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Greek chryso- (gold) + -cracy (rule). Earliest documented use: 1828. A synonym is plutocracy.
 _________________________
 
 CHRYSOCRACK - special kind of yellow cocaine
 
 CHRYSOC TRACY - his real name; small wonder the detective preferred to be called "Dick" by his friends
 
 CHRYSLOCRACY - when Ford and GM couldn't pull it off, yet another car manufacturer tried to make the rules
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LACHRYMOGENIC
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (lak-ruh-muh-JEN-ik)
 
 MEANING:  adjective: Inducing tears.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Latin lacrima (tear) + -genic (producing). Earliest documented use: 1907. Two related words are lachrymose and lachrymal.
 ___________________________
 
 LACHRYMOPENIC - dry-eyed (not enough tears)
 
 LOCH RYMOGENIC - a lake in the northernmost reaches of Scotland, little known and hardly ever visited
 
 LACH RHYMOGENIC - a psychological disorder wherein the victim shows paroxysms of laughter leading to a compulsion to speak in rhymes
 
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PLENILOQUENCE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:(ple-NIL-uh-kwens)
 
 MEANING:  noun: Excessive talking.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Latin pleni- (full) + -loquence (speaking). Earliest documented use: 1838. The opposite is breviloquence.
 __________________________________
 
 PLENILOQUENCH - Shut up!
 
 SPLENILOQUENCE - a lengthy screed, full if vitriol and anger
 
 POENILOQUENCE - vividly describing wracking pain
 
 PENCILOQUENCE - graphite-based writing
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RAZZLE-DAZZLE
 
 (RAZ-uhl daz-uhl)
 
 MEANING:  noun: Noisy excitement, showy display, or extravagant actions, especially when executed in an effort to distract or confuse.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  A reduplication of dazzle, frequentative of daze, from Old Norse dasa (weary). Earliest documented use: 1885.
 ____________________________
 
 RAZZLEDAZOLE - a new anti-seizure medicine
 
 FRAZZLE-DAZZLE - when people are stunned by your really, REALLY, REALLY bad-hair day
 
 RAZZ  LE DAZZLE - tease the ultra-bright Paris lighting
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HOBNOB
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (HOB-nob)
 
 MEANING:  verb intr.: To associate socially, especially with people of higher status.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From the earlier phrase hobnob or hob-or-nob, used by two people to toast or drink to each other. It’s apparently from habnab meaning “give or take” or “hit or miss” from hab nab meaning “to have or have not”. Earliest documented use: 1761.
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 MOBNOB - to mingle with the Capo and his associates
 
 HOB-SNOB - Bilbo Baggins after his new-found stature went to his head
 
 HORNOB - a brass musical instrument with a double reed
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ARTSY-FARTSY (also ARTY-FARTY)
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (art-see FART-see)
 
 MEANING:  adjective: Pretentiously artistic or sophisticated.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From reduplication of art, from Latin ars (art), as fart + pejorative diminutive suffix -sy. The word fart is from Old English feortan, ultimately from the Indo-European root perd- (to fart), which also gave us partridge and futz. Earliest documented use: 1962.
 
 NOTES:  In Japan, there’s a 33-foot long scroll depicting various scenes of fart competitions. In Japanese, it's called he-gassen (fart fight). Really! It's an enlarged and revised edition (the original was done by an unidentified painter in 1680) made by Fukuyama Soran in 1846.
 ______________________
 
 ARTSO-FARTSY - another name for depictions of Japanese he-gassen (see notes, above)
 
 ANTSY-FARTSY - restlessly flatulent
 
 ARTY-PARTY - soirée in Greenwich Village NY
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FLIMFLAM
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (FLIM-flam)
 
 MEANING:  noun:	1. Nonsense.
 2. Deception.
 verb tr.:	1. To deceive.
 2. To swindle.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  A reduplication, probably of the Old Norse flim (mockery). Earliest documented use: 1538.
 _______________________________
 
 F LIME LAM - loud green citrus fruit runs away
 
 FLIMFLAME - the results when a flying flim gets too close to the candle (see also FLIMFLAMP)
 
 FLIMFLAMB - offspring of a flimf ewe
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LARDY-DARDY
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (LAHR-dee DAHR-dee)
 
 MEANING:  adjective: Pretentious; affected; dandyish.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  A reduplication of la-di-da which is imitative of affected pronunciation. Earliest documented use: 1861.
 _______________________
 
 LARDY-TARDY - the cook was late putting in the fat
 
 LARRY-DARRY - affectionate nickname for a Stooge
 
 LANDY-DANDY - scornful nickname for Mr Calrissian
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HORSE MARINE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (hors muh-REEN)
 
 MEANING:  noun:
 1. Something imaginary.
 2. Someone out of their element; a misfit.
 3. A marine part of a cavalry or a cavalryman doing marine duty.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From horse, from Old English hors + marine, from Latin mare (sea). Earliest documented use: 1823.
 
 NOTES:  It sounds ridiculous that a soldier mounted on a horse would be of much use on water and that’s the idea behind the term horse marine. As unbelievable as it sounds, there have been horse marines in practice; there have been some famous horses in the US Marine Corps. Meet Staff Sergeant Reckless
 .__________________________
 
 HORSE FARINE - equine brought up eating only flour (thus poorly nourished and weak)
 
 HORDE MARINE - an army (navy?) of Mermen
 
 HORS DE MARINE - (French) blown out of the water
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CHEVALIER
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (shev-uh-LEER, shu-VAL-yay, -VAHL-)
 
 MEANING:  noun: A chivalrous man, one having qualities of courtesy, honor, bravery, gallantry, etc.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From Anglo-Norman chevaler, from Old French chevalier, from Latin caballarius (horseman), from caballus (horse). Earliest documented use: 1377.
 ______________________________
 
 CHEVALITER - 1000 cc of good Scotch
 
 CHEVALIAR - Frenchman who mis-represents his horse's qualities to get you to buy it; precursor of a used-car dealer
 
 CHE-VALUER - one who assigns great importance to Ernesto Guevera for his role in Cuban history
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UNHORSE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (uhn-HORS)
 
 MEANING:  verb tr.:
 1. To dislodge from a horse.
 2. To unseat from a position of power.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From un- (not) + horse, from Old English hors. Earliest documented use: 1390.
 _________________________________
 
 U.N. HOUSE - 405 E. 42nd Street, NY 10017, NY
 
 SUNHORSE - logo of the oil conglomerate after Sunoco merged with Mobil
 
 UNH OR SUE ! - claiming unlawful refusal to grant admission to the University of New Hampshire
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HIPPOCRENE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (HIP-uh-kreen, -kree-nee)
 
 MEANING:  noun: Poetic or literary inspiration.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:
 In Greek mythology, Hippocrene was a spring on Mt. Helicon and was created by a stroke of Pegasus’s hoof. From Greek hippos (horse) + krene (fountain, spring). Ultimately from the Indo-European root ekwo- (horse), which also gave us equestrian, equitant, hippodrome, and hippology. Earliest documented use: 1598.
 _____________________________________
 
 ZIPPOCRENE - a spouting of cigarette lighters
 
 HIPPOCREME - the latest fat-dissolving scam
 
 HIPPOCRATENE - facilitates the transition from medical student to physician
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HORSE SENSE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (HORS sens)
 
 MEANING:  noun: Common sense.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From horse, from Old English hors + sense, from Latin sensus (faculty of feeling). Earliest documented use: 1832.
 
 NOTES:  Why horses in this idiom, as opposed to, say, foxes? Perhaps it’s the association of horses with the country and the sound practical judgment shown by an unsophisticated country person. Or maybe it’s an allusion to a horse’s sense in staying out of trouble. Also, in Jonathan Swift’s 1726 satire Gulliver’s Travels, Houyhnhnms is a race of horses endowed with reason, contrasted with Yahoos (boorish humans). Compare the term horsefeathers (nonsense).
 ____________________________
 
 HOUSE SENSE - sanity among the Representatives
 
 HOSE SENSE - good taste in stockings
 
 HORSE SEANSE - it's the spirits of Topper and Trigger and Silver and Scout returned...
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OLYMPIAN
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (oh-LIM-pee-uhn, uh-)
 
 MEANING:  adjective:	1. Lofty; surpassing others.
 2. Like an Olympian god: majestic or aloof.
 3. Of or relating to the Olympic Games.
 4. Of or relating to Mount Olympus or gods and goddesses believed to be living there.
 noun:	1. A person of great achievement or position.
 2. A contestant in the Olympic Games.
 3. A native or inhabitant of Olympia, Greece.
 4. One of the ancient Greek gods.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece, was believed to be an abode of the gods in Greek mythology. Also, Olympia, a plain in ancient Greece, was the site of the ancient Olympic Games. Earliest documented use: 1487.
 _______________________________
 
 POLYMPIAN - like many Military Police
 
 Ă–OLYMPIAN - the Egg Games of the Gods
 
 0LYMPHIAN - an occasional complication of radical mastectomy
 
 SO-LYMPIAN - champion of flaccidity
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BALKANIZE (British BALKANISE)
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (BAWL-kuh-nyz)
 
 MEANING:  verb tr.: To divide a region, group, etc., into small, often hostile, entities.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From allusion to the breakup of the the Balkan Peninsula following the decline of the Ottoman Empire. The Peninsula is named after Balkan Mountains, which are named after a Turkish word for mountains: balkan. Earliest documented use: 1917.
 ______________________________
 
 WALKANIZE - a portmanteau word:  to organize a walk to raise money for a charitable cause
 
 BALKANIRE - the cause of this persistent hostility
 
 BALKANITE - an iron ore found in the mountains of south-eastern Europe
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AREOPAGUS
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (ar-ee-AHP/OP-uh-guhs)
 
 MEANING:  noun: A high court.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  Via Latin, from Greek Areios pagos (hill of Ares, the Greek god of war), from Areios (of Ares) + pagos (hill), from pegnunai (to fasten or stiffen). In ancient Greece, Areios pagos was the site where the highest governmental council met. Later it turned into a judicial body. Earliest documented use: 1642.
 _________________________________
 
 ARENOPAGUS - Don't call me while I'm at the big game!
 
 ARE NO PA, GUS - you don't make a very good Dad, Herr Mahler
 
 AREOPA GNUS - wildebeasts from Areopa
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EVEREST
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (EV-uh-ruhst/rest)
 
 MEANING:  noun: The highest point of something: achievement, ambition, challenge, etc.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  After Mount Everest, the highest mountain (8,848 m) on the Earth (above sea level) in the Himalayas. The mountain is named after George Everest (1790-1866), Surveyor-General of India. Earliest documented use: 1909.
 _______________________________
 
 NEVEREST - the ultimate in procrastination
 
 EVEREAST - where the sun rises (for the next six billion years, anyway)
 
 EVE PEST - mosquitos
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PELION
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (PEE-lee-uhn)
 
 MEANING:  noun: A huge or difficult task.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  After Mount Pelion, a mountain in Greece. Earliest documented use: 1560.
 
 NOTES:  In Greek mythology, the twins Otus and Ephialtes piled Mount Pelion on Mount Ossa and both on Mount Olympus in an attempt to reach heaven and attack the gods. The word is mainly used in the idiom “to pile Pelion upon Ossa” meaning to make a challenging task even more difficult by piling something on top of it.
 _________________________
 
 pHELION - the acidity of a solar orbit
 
 PET LION - not allowed in most municipalities (or zoos)
 
 PELICON - seabird with a big distensible pouch in its mouth
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MAE WEST
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (may WEST)
 
 MEANING:  noun: An inflatable life jacket.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  After actress, singer, and playwright Mae West (1893-1980), from the apparent resemblance of an inflated vest to her large bust. Earliest documented use: 1940.
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 MALE WEST - the right-hand opponent of the player sitting North is a man
 
 MA NEWEST - my most recent, in Savannah, Georgia
 
 MAX WEST - the biggest member of the West family
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Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 Carpal Tunnel |  
| Carpal Tunnel Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 | 
ADONIC
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (uh-DAH/DOH-nik)
 
 MEANING:  adjective: Strikingly handsome.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  After Adonis, a very handsome youth in Greek mythology. There’s a verb coined after him, as well: adonize. Earliest documented use: 1579.
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 ADDONIC - given to putting on more bells and whist
 
 ADORIC - what Lucy did to her husband
 
 ADONICE - hold the PR messages, we're scrubbing the advertising campaign
 
 RADONIC - a basement with too much nasty gas
 
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Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 Carpal Tunnel |  
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VANDAL
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (VAN-dl)
 
 MEANING:  noun: One who willfully damages another’s property.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  After Vandals, a Germanic tribe who overran Gaul, Spain, and northern Africa, and in 455 CE sacked Rome. Earliest documented use: 1555.
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 EVANDAL - Dirksen and Gore
 
 VANADAL - like Element #23
 
 VANDAM - Belgian martial artist and action film star
 
 FAN/DAL - New Delhi resident who enjoys breakfast
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Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 Carpal Tunnel |  
| Carpal Tunnel Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 | 
NIMRODIZE
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (NIM-ruh-dyz)
 
 MEANING:  verb intr.: To behave like a tyrant.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  Nimrod was a great-grandson of Noah’s, according to the Bible. He was a hunter and an evil tyrannical king. Earliest documented use: 1614.
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 NIMROD ICE - what the famed hunter puts in his Scotch
 
 NAM, RODIZE - Private Rodize is having a flashback
 
 NO, I'M RODIZE - Sergeant, you're talking to the wrong guy!
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Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 Carpal Tunnel |  
| Carpal Tunnel Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 | 
CHADBAND
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (CHAD-band)
 
 MEANING:  noun: An oily, hypocritical person.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  After Rev. Mr. Chadband, a greedy preacher in Charles Dickens’s 1853 novel Bleak House. Earliest documented use: 1853.
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 CHAN BAND - Sidney Toller's film family
 
 CHARD BAND - the elastic strip that holds the  vegetables together in a bunch
 
 CHAD BRAND - that's how we know where in central Africa these products originate
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Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 Carpal Tunnel |  
| Carpal Tunnel Joined:  Aug 2001 Posts: 11,072 Likes: 2 | 
RAD
 
 PRONUNCIATION:  (rad)
 
 MEANING:  noun: One who advocates fundamental or far-reaching change or reform.
 adjective: Extraordinary; wonderful; fashionable; hip; cool.
 
 ETYMOLOGY:  From shortening of radical, from Latin radix (root). Ultimately from the Indo-European root wrad- (branch, root), which also gave us radish, root, rutabaga, eradicate, and ramify. Earliest documented use: 1820 for noun, 1976 for adjective.
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 RAP - a Native American tribe historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming, clipped at both ends
 
 RAID - a length of woven hair, clipped at its proximal end and free from insects
 
 RAT - a casserole food, made from cooked eggplant and tomatoes, squash and pepper, onions and garlic, and more, not clipped at all but rather sliced or chopped
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