As I understand less than half of it, I'd like to ask some questions.

*Present participle: amans 'loving' as in a loving parent.

Gerund: amandi 'of loving' (with loving as a noun); the gerund does not occur in the nominative in Latin grammar, so the genitive form is cited.

*Gerundive: amandus 'loving' (as an adjective).

1.Present participle: amans 'loving' as in loving parent and Gerundive: amandus 'loving' (as an adjective): What's the difference as you say they are both adjectives.

English, Gerund: loving (noun).

2.Do you mean: the loving, the talking, the writing, the fighting
and so on?