Quote:

There are two words for almost any bone of the body. A Latin and a Germanic one



I think your thesis may need a little work - almost (nearly all?) is certainly too strong. For example, the common name in English for the clavicle is the collarbone - both Latin. Phalanx (finger and toe bone) is Greek. Etc.

People would usually say "He broke his upper arm" if they wanted to be specific - bone is an understood part of "He broke his arm".