primary, secondary, terciary, etc.

Not sure what they're called but the next one is quartenary. Latin has cardinals (unus, duo, tres, etc.) how many?, ordinal (primus, secundus, tertius, etc.) in which order?, distributive (singuli, bini, terni, etc.) how many each?, numeral adverbs (semel, bis, ter : once, twice, thrice), multiplicative numerals (simplex, duplex, triplex).

http://www.informalmusic.com/latinsoc/latnum.html

Other languages have other stranger forms for their numbers and systems.

http://www.geocities.com/Eureka/Enterprises/2493/kabgram.html

Scroll down to the number section ...

Latin ordo 'order', cardo 'hinge, compass point' (whence our cardinal).