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OK. What on earth (or above it) is "vertically integrated liquid"?
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VIL was a "fad" and was most popular when the WSR-88D radar was first installed. VIL is the integration of reflectivity within a column of air. A higher VIL means there is more precipitation in a column of air. At one time it was thought a VIL value is associated with a certain hail size. The term "VIL of the day" was a term used by the NWS to describe the VIL value that associates with severe hail (3/4" of an inch in diameter or greater). If was found that the relationship between the VIL value and hail size is much more complex than previously thought. The VIL values correlation to hail size depends on season, synoptic environment, elevation, storm speed, storm structure, hail reflectivity characteristics etc. The relationship is too complex to issue a severe thunderstorm warning with respect to hail size from the VIL value alone, although the VIL value can be used as a guide and is especially useful if the VIL is very high. The VIL value has the following limitations: 1. The values are seasonally and regionally dependent. The value is also dependent upon the cloud physics and synoptic considerations for that particular day. 2. Values within 20 miles of radar will be underestimated since part of the storm will be in the radar's cone of silence. Values at the edge of the radar display are also underestimated since the higher elevation angles are overshooting the storms (lower half of storm is not being sampled). VIL values will be higher where all tilt angles are able to sample the entire precipitation / hail core of the storm. 3. VILs are less accurate for highly tilted storms. VIL is underestimated for tilted updrafts since the hail core tilts with respect to a vertical column of reflectivity. 4. VILs are higher for wet hail than dry hail 5. VIL value may be contaminated by non-precipitation echoes VIL can be used as a "guide" for assessing hail size and intensity of precipitation but as mentioned has many limitations. VIL has units of mass divided by area (kg/m^2). The mass is estimated by the radar reflectivity factor. VIL has a display similar to reflectivity products: heavier precipitation and hail will show a higher VIL (higher VIL value colors). Edit: I did not write the stuff above. Didn't realize until after I posted that I had not provided url: http://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints/249/
TEd
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The VIL values correlation to hail size depends on season, synoptic environment, elevation, storm speed, storm structure, hail reflectivity characteristics etc.
One assumes that a "synoptic environment" is a place where the Gospels According to Matthew, Mark and Luke are read, but not the Gospel according to John. Right?
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3 : presenting or taking the same or common view; specifically often capitalized : of or relating to the first three Gospels of the New Testament
4 : relating to or displaying conditions (as of the atmosphere or weather) as they exist simultaneously over a broad area
That's certainly an interesting dichotomy there, isn't it? At least at first glance, but upon further examination there's a similarity.
So why the division of the four gospels into John and non-John?
TEd
TEd
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synoptic is one of those words that make my eyes glaze over whenever I read a definition; it seems to have very specific meanings in a variety of fields -- aeronautics is another. I wouldn't use it in my dictionary unless I could figure out how to concise (how's that for verbing an adjective?) the def'n.
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how to concise
sir, concision should be your middle name.
formerly known as etaoin...
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TEd: So why the division of the four gospels into John and non-John?
Father Steve: One has to wonder why the Gospels according to Matthew, Mark and Luke are so similar and the Gospel according to John so different from these three. An answer to this question is The Synoptic Theory.
The theory goes like this.
Once upon a time, there were only two documents: one was the Gospel According to Saint Mark (Mk) and the other was a collection of the sayings of Jesus (Q). Then, independently, Matthew (Mt) and Luke (L) each decided to write an account of the Gospel. Each of them checked out Mk and Q from the library and placed those documents alongside their computers before composing their versions. Each had his own peculiar sources, as well. Some suggest that Luke drew on materials provided by the Blessed Virgin Mary while Matthew drew on his own experiences as an apostle. Matthew combined Mk with Q and "Special Mt" to produce Mt. Luke combined Mk with Q and "Special Lk" to produce Lk. John, on the other hand, relied upon neither Mk nor Q, neither Mt nor Lk, and produced his own thing which, while it bears many similarities to the Synoptic Gospels, differs from them in major respects.
And that, dear friends, is the Synoptic Theory in a nutshell.
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