I ran your almost-name through OneLook; anastrophic doesn't seem to exist. So I tried anastrophe and had better luck: all but one had inversion/transposition of words as the def. One had simply inversion, which, without context, I can't make fit into a paleolithic scenario.
However--I was given a few alternatives, none of which were particularly relevant, but I'm wondering if your writer might have meant this:
anatrophic (ana·troph·ic) (an˛[schwa]-trof˘ik) 1. correcting or preventing atrophy. 2. a remedy that prevents waste of the tissues.
(Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary)