Here's a list of the dust and winds we've mentioned:

from Mrs. Byrne
khamsin n. -- an Egyptian dust storm

from Geoff:
Boreas
Auster
Euros
Zehpyros
The Santa Anna Edit: Santa Ana Thanks, Bill = a dry east wind off the Mojave Desert that blows into Southern California..

from Dr. Propsero
aerosol scientists = scientists who study dust & aerosols

from Gene Shinn via Gymkhana
aeropolvology = coined word for study of aerosols and dust

from wwh
Föhn". = a wind causing emotional problems

from wow
La Mistral = southern wind in France
Kona winds = October winds in Hawaii

from Bean
Chinook = winds in Calgary and S Alberta
Chinook arch = black clouds in an arch

from Keiva
The Hawk = biting winter wind off Lake Michigan

from Stales
sirocco = cures pork

from wow
The Montreal Express, the Nor'Easter = New England

from tsuwm
(some repetition)
sirocco = hot southerly wind which blows in Tunisia
chili
khamsin = these first three from tsuwm he describes as being strong southerly winds
leveche samiel = strong, southerly, hot, dust-lade winds of southeastern Spain

from Stales
"The Fremantle Doctor" = a strong sea breeze we get in Perth in summer

Wordwind = a sometimes northerly, sometimes southerly,
often multi-directional body of sometimes hot, sometimes
cold, usually phlegmatic wind of random words batting each other in patterns that completely defy all known studies of thermodynamics. This wind, which emanates from Rocky Run, VA, USA, often brings symptoms of mania and/or depression in the human beings and other unfortunate creatures it encounters. Acts of rage resulting from contact with this wind are never litigated.