The other night in the pre-war news commentary, someone was talking about the way that wars tend not to unfold as plans, and they quoted Caesar's remark about crossing the Rubicon, "...the die is cast." The speaker was interpreting this as in "a roll of the dice."
I had thought that the phrase "the die is cast" referred to metal work, i.e. metal poured into a form and allowed to cool. Which is correct?
Dear Alex: I don't know what the dice game Caesar referred to,
but evidently there must have been a game in which only one die was used. I have read that animal knuckle bones could be used
The game could have been as simple as throwing one bone, then
throwing a second one, trying to match the position of the first one, and losing your wager if you failed to achieve a match.
If carefully made numbered cubes like modern dice had been u;sed, the archaeologists ought to have found thousands of them. I'll go see if I find anything about that.
I found several sites indicating that cubic dice go back three thousand years or more. Here is a site with pictures of ancient dice. However, no clue as to rules of games in Caesar's day.
http://www.geocities.com/ladysveva/games/DiceImages
Alea iacta est
alea -ae f. [a game of dice , game of hazard]; hence [chance, risk, uncertainty].
iacto -are [to throw , cast, toss, fling away or about; to diffuse, spread, scatter; to harass, disturb]
Ah! Asterix!!
I always read that as Alea JACTA est... Faldage, is Jacta the same as Iacta?
Jacta, iacta, same difference. The J is a modern conceit.
And the modern use of the "i" instead is a Faldagian conceit. Go figger.
- Pfranz
The online Latin dictionary I was quoting used the I. Din't want no confusion.
Wait a minute, Faldage, you said "jacta" and then the dictionary said "iacta." Which is it...?
You know how Juan gets
Julie used an I. If it's good enuff for Julie, it's good enuff for me.
>If it's good enuff for Julie..
yes, I'm sure he'd be pleased to see eiaculate, iactation, iactitation and the like.
I just found a quotation from Suetonius that says Caesar was reported to have used the phrase. I had thought perhaps it might be a phony legend.
Plutarch claims he attually® said Anerriphtho kubos.
I'm sure he said the Latin equivalent of "The hell with it, let's go, assholes!" Rubicon, Euphrates. There's a qualitative difference?
- Pfranz
Dear Faldage: Plutarch was writing in Greek, was he not?
So "Anerriphtho kubos" was not what Caesar himself said,
but was Plurarch's translation of "Alea jacta est". Is that not so?
I dunno, Dr Bill. According to
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar Plutarch says Julie said it in Greek, not Latin. Course Plutarch wasn't there and Suetonius wasn't either, not less'n they had time machines.
We should also remember that when Julie crossed the Rubicon he was violating Roman law.
Dear Faldage: Do you think that on such a symbolic occaasion, when he was trying to motivate his followers, it would have been psychologically sound to use Greek? I think it highly unlikely.
Eius! Noli legationem interficere! Nihil alium quam quem scripsit Plutarchus refero! Contra eum ambige!
I'd always thought it refered to the gambling cube or some fascimile thereof for the reaons you and others have cited. Interesting allusion for me. I've always thought that the emphasis was part "fait accompli" the done deed. He's done his part, flung die by crossing the rubicon - but the die has not yet settled, that is, he didn't at the time not know the outcome of his roll, his gamble. (Never knew it came down to us from Plutarch.)
k
You should get out more ... or read the Asterix books. The onliest place where you can guarantee absolute historical accuracy about what Julie did and said!
- Pfranz
Plutarch claims he attually® said Anerriphtho kubos.
I have consulted Plutarch myself, Faldage.
He returns the plug by suggesting a weaving of "crossing the Rubicon" and "the die is cast". Hence: "casting the Rubicon" - certainly a memorable image, worthy of a genuine "Faldage" ... wouldn't you say?
consulted Plutarch myself
Ouija board?
obiter dicta
Quod erat côpŭlâtim
- Pfranz
Obiter Dicta
"o·bi·ter dic·tum N., pl. obiter dic·ta
1. An opinion voiced by a judge that has only incidental bearing
on the case in question and is therefore not binding. Also Called dictum.
2. An incidental remark or observation;a passing comment.
[Latin, something said in passing: obiter, in passing; dictum, from neuter past participle of dicere, to say]"
--The American Heritage® Concise Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition.
Date: Tue Mar 20 00:02:10 EST 2001
Subject: A.Word.A.Day--obiter dictum
X-Bonus: I'm proud to pay taxes in the United States; the only thing is, I could be just as proud for half the money. -Arthur Godfrey, radio and television entertainer (1903-1983)
obiter dictum (OB-i-tuhr DIK-tuhm) noun, plural obiter dicta
1. A passing comment.
2. An observation or opinion by a judge that is incidental to the case in
question, and not binding as precedent.
[From Latin, literally, saying by the way.]
"`Abstract Expressionism was being deployed as a cold war weapon,' (Frances
Stonor) Saunders jauntily asserts. ... Obiter dicta like Saunders's
pronouncement above highlight her irreducible problem."
Josef Joffe, America's secret weapon, New York Times Book Review, Apr 23,
2000.
This week's theme: words about words. http://wordsmith.org/awad/archives/0301
In reply to:
I'd always thought it refered to the gambling cube or some fascimile thereof for the reaons you and others have cited. Interesting allusion for me. I've always thought that the emphasis was part "fait accompli" the done deed. He's done his part, flung die by crossing the rubicon - but the die has not yet settled, that is, he didn't at the time not know the outcome of his roll, his gamble. (Never knew it came down to us from Plutarch.)
Plutarch says it was proverbial. From Dryden's 1683 (yes that Dryden) translation http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html
When he came to the river Rubicon, which parts Gaul within the Alps from the rest of Italy, his thoughts began to work, now he was just entering upon the danger, and he wavered much in his mind when he considered the greatness of the enterprise into which he was throwing himself. He checked his course and ordered a halt, while he revolved with himself, and often changed his opinion one way and the other, without speaking a word. This was when his purposes fluctuated most; presently he also discussed the matter with his friends who were about him (of which number Asinius Pollio was one), computing how many calamities his passing that river would bring upon mankind, and what a relation of it would be transmitted to posterity. At last, in a sort of passion, casting aside calculation, and abandoning himself to what might come, and using the proverb frequently in their mouths who enter upon dangerous and bold attempts, "The die is cast," with these words he took the river.
Suetonius just says (Rolfe's 1920s translation at: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-julius.html):
XXXII. As he stood in doubt, this sign was given him. On a sudden there appeared hard by a being of wondrous stature and beauty, who sat and played upon a reed; and when not only the shepherds flocked to hear him, but many of the soldiers left their posts, and among them some of the trumpeters, the apparition snatched a trumpet from one of them, rushed to the river, and sounding the war-note with mighty blast, strode to the opposite bank. Then Caesar cried: " Take we the course which the signs of the gods and the false dealing of our foes point out. The die is cast [ Iacta alea est,' inquit'].
Bingley
Hmm...every time we hit Submit to make a post, we have cast the die. We don't know the outcome!
every time we hit Submit to make a post, we have cast the die. We don't know the outcome!
Yeahbut®, we ain' violating Roman law when we do it.
Oh, I dunno. Isn't it still the underlying basis for a lot of Continental legal systems, i.e. the Code Napoleon? It's so easy to break French law that the English actually seem to consider it an Olympic-level sport.
- Pfranz
It's so easy to break French law that the English actually seem to consider it an Olympic-level sport
For example?
Well, I don't know what Pfranz meant, but haven't we had on here before that France has strict laws about language?
France has strict laws about language?
My limited experience doesn't bear that out. When I was in France last year, for example, I saw signs for "Parking". which is apparently the French word for parking. (Duh.) In Canadian French, that would be "Stationnement" - you see it on signs here and everything. I found it odd, since France is supposedly quite uptight about their language, that on official signs they'd adopted this English word that even the North American francophones don't use.
I work (at least until Friday) with a bunch of people who either have houses in northern France or who seem to think that the best way to have a holiday is to go and torment the rural French. They all seem to be constantly running foul of the local laws - speeding, fences, even the colours they paint their houses. None of them seem to resent it; most of them expect to do something else that will nark the French authorities. It's kind of a standing joke ...
- Pfranz
...haven't we had on here before that France has strict laws about language?
"The French don't care what they do, actually, as long as they pronounce it properly." -- Henry Higgins, in My Fair Lady
... in France last year, for example, I saw signs for "Parking". which is apparently the French word for parking.
There has been a change, then. The last time I was in France - over 40 years ago - the word "Stationnement" as used to proclaim a parking place.
Mind you, the French referred to their car as "une voiture" rather than "un auto", in those days.
"Tout ça change ..." etc.
Saw both "parking" and "stationnement" in Paris. They're consistently inconsistent. They also talk about both "le logiciel" and "le software". So "voiture" and "auto" seem pretty much of a muchness, n'est-ce pas?
- Pfranz
"Tout ça change ..." etc.
So "voiture" and "auto" seem pretty much of a
muchness, n'est-ce pas?
All this French is giving me a taste for some Freedom Fries. But more to the point, Franz, isn't that what Rhuby said?